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说明：  编译器 词法分析是指原文件被分解为词法符号的过程，通常是整个编译过程的第一步。虽然通常认为了解 C++ 的词法分析过程对于大多数一辈子都不会编写 C++ 编译器的程序员来说意义不大，但这篇文章不仅仅是为了满足某些人的好奇心而写的，因为我觉得任意一个严谨的 C++ 程序员都应该对 C++ 的词法分析有所了解，以避免一些偶然情况下会发生的错误
(compiler lexical analysis refers to the original document for lexical symbols decomposition process, the whole is usually the first step in the process of compiling. Although usually understand that the C lexical analysis process for the majority of you will never be prepared C compiler programmer meant little, but this article is not just to satisfy the curiosity of some people wrote, because I think that a rigorous arbitrary C programmers should have the right C lexical analysis have to know and to avoid some of the circumstances that occasionally mistakes happen)