哈夫曼编码解码

说明：  霍夫曼编码是可变字长编码(VLC)的一种，是消除编码冗余最常用的方法。 它是Huffman于1952年提出一种编码方法，它的基本原理是频繁使用的数据用较短的代码代替，较少使用的数据用较长的代码代替，每个数据的代码个不相同。有时称之为最佳编码，一般就叫作Huffman编码。下面引证一个定理，该定理保证了按字符出现概率分配码长，可使平均码长最短。
(Huffman coding is a variable word length coding (VLC) A is to remove redundant code of the most commonly used methods. It is Huffman in 1952 made a coding method, and its basic tenets are frequently used data with the code instead of a shorter, less use of the data over a longer period instead of the code, the code for each data-not the same. Sometimes referred to as the best coding, the general called on Huffman coding. Below prove a theorem, the theorem guarantees by the characters emerging probability distribution yards long, will enable the shortest average yards long.)